在日本，请愿能改变什么？

National Diet Library, Shiryō ni miru Nihon no kindai, 「1-13 国会期成同盟の請願」, description of the league's formation in March 1880 and the attempted submission by Kōno Hironaka and Kataoka Kenkichi. The April petition and accompanying request are identified in the Kōno Hironaka papers, documents 168 and 169. The catalogue states that the Council of State and Senate did not accept the submission; no unrecorded encounter or dialogue is reconstructed. https://www.ndl.go.jp/modern/cha1/description13.html

University of Tokyo Historiographical Institute, 「尾張国郡司百姓等解文」, catalogue S0071-50, explanatory description. It identifies the complaint of 988, Motonaga, the request for removal, and the district officials and influential cultivators involved. The description of the governing arrangement is distinguished from the charges made against its occupant; the essay does not independently certify each allegation. https://www.hi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/personal/kawamoto/kaidaigebumi.htm

Waseda University Library, Kotenseki Sōgō Database, 「尾張国郡司百姓等解文」, 文庫12 00001, copying date and physical-description fields. The catalogue dates this witness to 1281 and records a substantial lacuna. This is a description of the surviving copy, not an assertion that the original petition was written in 1281 or that all other copies have identical omissions. https://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/bunko12/bunko12_00001/

Kinoshita Ryūma (木下龍馬), 「武家への挙状、武家の挙状―鎌倉幕府と裁判における口入的要素」, Shigaku Zasshi 128, no. 1 (2019): 1–35, DOI 10.24471/shigaku.128.1_1. The published abstract supplies the changing force of proprietors' forwarding documents and shogunal interventions outside direct jurisdiction. These are Kinoshita's research conclusions, not a reconstruction of an individually inspected case. The full article was not available for consultation. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shigaku/128/1/128_1/_article/-char/ja/

Luke S. Roberts, Mercantilism in a Japanese Domain: The Merchant Origins of Economic Nationalism in Eighteenth-Century Tosa (Cambridge University Press, 1998), chapter 6, “Imagined Economies: Merchants and Samurai,” 134–153, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511572760.008. The published opening excerpt gives the translated statements of Umeya's Ichirōbei, first month 1764, and Matsuo Hikotarō, ninth month 1759. The chapter summary supplies Roberts's interpretation of merchant contributions. These excerpts, rather than the complete chapter or original petitions, are the basis used here; no adoption of Ichirōbei's particular proposal is claimed. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/mercantilism-in-a-japanese-domain/imagined-economies-merchants-and-samurai/125FE104D310C3B866098706FE1D168E

Gujō City, 「近世（江戸時代）」, account of the Hōreki conflict beginning in 1754, its four-year duration, direct appeals, and the disposition concerning Kanamori Yorikane and officials. The municipal account supplies the broad sequence, not a claim that a single petition alone caused every sanction. https://www.city.gujo.gifu.jp/admin/detail/1033.html

Abbey Steele, Christopher Paik, and Seiki Tanaka, “Constraining the Samurai: Rebellion and Taxation in Early Modern Japan,” International Studies Quarterly 61, no. 2 (2017): 352–370, DOI 10.1093/isq/sqx008; accepted manuscript, section 2.2, printed manuscript p. 13, paragraph on Kakegawa in 1816. The authors transmit the case from Shimada (1968), 568–571; that underlying account was not independently examined. Their statement that execution was ordered is preserved without adding names, numbers, or an invented scene. The essay does not adopt the surrounding generalization about the fate of petition leaders, or infer a national success rate from this example. https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/137080/1/Binder3.pdf

National Diet Library, Shiryō ni miru Nihon no kindai, 「1-9 民撰議院設立の建白」, submission history and the caption identifying Nisshin Shinjishi, no. 206, 18 January 1874; National Archives of Japan, 「民撰議院設立建白書を提出する」, document 建00012. These descriptions establish the signatories' political context, the January 17 submission, and next-day publication. They do not establish universal public support. https://www.ndl.go.jp/modern/cha1/description09.html ; https://www.archives.go.jp/ayumi/kobetsu/m07_1874_01.html

「民撰議院設立建白書」, dated 17 January 1874, text published in Nisshin Shinjishi, 18 January 1874, transcribed by the National Diet Library. Relevant passages begin 「夫人民政府に対して租税を払ふの義務ある者は」 and discuss the objection that the population lacked learning. The NDL expressly identifies this transcription as the newspaper text, not a transcription of the draft images displayed elsewhere in the exhibition. The arguments about taxation, participation, and education are attributed to the memorialists. https://www.ndl.go.jp/modern/img_t/012/012-009tx.html

Constitution of the Empire of Japan (1889), articles 30 and 50, historical English text supplied by the National Diet Library. The discussion concerns the Meiji Constitution and does not state current Japanese petition law. https://www.ndl.go.jp/constitution/e/etc/c02.html

Gi'inhō (議院法), Law no. 2 of 1889, articles 62–65, historical statutory text in Nagoya University's Japanese Historical Legislation database. Used for member introduction, committee examination, weekly reporting, consideration in a House, and forwarding an adopted petition to government. These provisions prescribe a procedure; they do not establish how frequently petitioners obtained the requested result. Only the transcribed statute is used, not automatically generated site commentary. https://jahis.law.nagoya-u.ac.jp/lawdb/l/122a0002

同法第67—70条，涉及宪法修正、规定形式、禁止用语与干涉司法或行政裁定。这些是向两院请愿的限制，未涵盖与明治国家沟通的所有方式。网址同注petition11。