朝圣为何让这么多人踏上旅途？

Chiba City Museum, “Uhei's Journey: Travel and Faith in the Edo Period,” based on his 1852 diary. Its dates use the Japanese lunisolar calendar. https://www.city.chiba.jp/kyodo/katsudo/kenkyuin3.html

Ise Jingū, “Kaguraden,” section on the history of kagura. The earlier restrictions on private offerings and the development of services and client relationships through religious intermediaries. This history is not reduced to a claim that public access began on one date. https://www.isejingu.or.jp/about/kaguraden/

Saikoku pilgrimage association, official list of temples and entry for Kiyomizu-dera, Temple 16. Used to distinguish a circuit of Kannon temples from a journey centered on Ise. The association's legendary foundation narrative is not used here as a securely dated institutional origin. https://saikoku33.gr.jp/place/ ; https://www.saikoku33.gr.jp/place/16

Chiba City Museum, “Uhei's Journey,” on representative pilgrimage. The account does not establish how Uhei's own journey was financed. https://www.city.chiba.jp/kyodo/katsudo/kenkyuin3.html

Aomori City, Namioka Past and Present, no. 97, “Travel in the Edo Period: Ise Associations and Women's Journeys,” originally published July 1, 2003. The discussion of the Hirosaki domain's official diaries includes the 1713 representative journey, prohibitions and permissions for women, and the 1711 permit. Its qualification about possible companions is retained. This essay uses the historian's account, not a new transcription of the domain diaries. https://www.city.aomori.aomori.jp/area/namiokaoyumi/im_n097.html

Ise Jingū, “Kaguraden,” historical section; and Ise City Tourism Association, “The Onshi Who Connected People with Ise Pilgrimage,” based in part on the exhibition catalogue The Town of Ise and Its Onshi. Amulets, calendars, client relationships, accommodation, and religious services. The essay does not adopt the tourism page's modern institutional announcements as historical evidence. https://www.isejingu.or.jp/about/kaguraden/ ; https://ise-kanko.jp/focus/onshi2026/

Mie Prefecture, “Ise Pilgrimage: Around Ise Jingū,” especially the Miyagawa ferries and the former Maruoka residence. The receiving attendants and signs, locally supported ferry service, and four-sided chopping board. No general conclusion about free transport on other parts of the journey is inferred. https://www.bunka.pref.mie.lg.jp/646580347590007.htm

National Museum of Japanese History, khirin collection record F-313-4, Picture of the Great Kagura at Ise, late Edo period. The catalogue identifies the setting as an Ise association's onshi residence. It does not establish an identical performance arrangement in every residence. https://khirin.rekihaku.ac.jp/pid/nmjh_collection/F-313-4.html

Mie Prefectural Museum, Illustrated Guide to Famous Places on the Ise Pilgrimage, collection no. 96. The 1797 publication, organization of its routes and subjects, and the mix of religious and recreational scenes. The National Diet Library's bibliographic record independently confirms the publication date. The discussion follows the museum's account of the volumes; it does not claim a page-by-page examination of the entire work. https://www.bunka.pref.mie.lg.jp/MieMu/82944046631.htm ; https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000010974522

Wakayama City Museum, Travel Precautions, Yasumi Roan, 1810, collection description in Cultural Heritage Online. The description identifies advice on seasickness and the illustrated use of moxibustion for tired legs. These are historical practices, not present-day medical recommendations. https://online.bunka.go.jp/heritages/detail/221334

Chiba City Museum, “Uhei's Journey,” discussing Senju-in's travel certificate. This is not Uhei's permit. https://www.city.chiba.jp/kyodo/katsudo/kenkyuin3.html

Laura Nenzi, “To Ise at All Costs: Religious and Economic Implications of Early Modern Nukemairi,” Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 33, no. 1 (2006), pp. 75–114, DOI 10.18874/jjrs.33.1.2006.75-114, publicly accessible author abstract. Used for the distinction between individual and community interests and the changing treatment of unauthorized pilgrims. The full article was not available for this essay; the material examples are separately documented. https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/journal/6/issue/172/article/1187

Mie Prefectural Museum, An Account of Divine Wonders during the Bunsei Pilgrimage (Okagemairi Bunsei shin'iki), 1832. Its explanation of the 1830 pilgrimage, the book's collected reports, assistance to travelers, and the illustrated pile of ladles. Reported miracles are treated as historical beliefs. The essay does not adopt the large participation estimates as an exact census or assume that every pilgrim could always obtain assistance. https://www.bunka.pref.mie.lg.jp/MieMu/82867046554.htm

Mie Prefectural Museum, Board Game of the Pilgrimage from Osaka to Ise, late Edo period. The printed route's named stages and inward movement toward Ise. The interpretation of participation at home concerns the game's form, not a documented biography of an individual owner. https://www.bunka.pref.mie.lg.jp/MieMu/82911046598.htm

Mie Prefectural Museum, “Souvenir Views of Ise,” Museum on Paper, no. 64. The 1897 set of twelve lithographs and the proposed connection between its selection of sights and the railway. The railway-related explanation is expressly tentative in the source and remains so here. https://www.bunka.pref.mie.lg.jp/rekishi/kenshi/asp/shijyo/detail608.html